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| 2 |
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| 3 | <head><title>Command Summary for sed (sed & awk, Second Edition)</title>
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| 4 | </head>
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| 5 |
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| 6 | <body>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <h2>Command Summary for sed</h2>
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| 9 |
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| 10 | <dl>
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| 11 |
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| 12 | <dt><b>: </b> <b> :</b><em>label</em></dt>
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| 13 | <dd>Label a line in the script for the transfer of control by
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| 14 | <b>b</b> or <b>t</b>.
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| 15 | <em>label</em> may contain up to seven characters.
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| 16 | (The POSIX standard says that an implementation can allow longer
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| 17 | labels if it wishes to. GNU sed allows labels to be of any length.)
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| 18 | </p></dd>
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| 19 |
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| 20 |
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| 21 | <dt><b>=</b> [<em>address</em>]<b>=</b></dt>
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| 22 | <dd>Write to standard output the line number of addressed line.</p></dd>
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| 23 |
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <dt><b>a</b> [<em>address</em>]<b>a\</b></dt>
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| 26 | <dd><em>text</em></p>
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| 27 |
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| 28 | <p>Append <em>text</em>
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| 29 | following each line matched by <em>address</em>. If
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| 30 | <em>text</em> goes over more than one line, newlines
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| 31 | must be "hidden" by preceding them with a backslash. The
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| 32 | <em>text</em> will be terminated by the first
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| 33 | newline that is not hidden in this way. The
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| 34 | <em>text</em> is not available in the pattern space
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| 35 | and subsequent commands cannot be applied to it. The results of this
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| 36 | command are sent to standard output when the list of editing commands
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| 37 | is finished, regardless of what happens to the current line in the
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| 38 | pattern space.</p></dd>
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| 39 |
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <dt><b>b</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>b</b>[<em>label</em>]</dt>
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| 42 | <dd>Transfer control unconditionally (branch) to
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| 43 | <b>:</b><em>label</em> elsewhere in
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| 44 | script. That is, the command following the
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| 45 | <em>label</em> is the next command applied to the
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| 46 | current line. If no <em>label</em> is specified,
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| 47 | control falls through to the end of the script, so no more commands
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| 48 | are applied to the current line.</p></dd>
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| 49 |
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <dt><b>c</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>c\</b></dt>
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| 52 | <dd><em>text</em></p>
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| 53 |
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| 54 | <p>Replace (change) the lines selected by the address with
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| 55 | <em>text</em>. When a range of lines is specified,
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| 56 | all lines as a group are replaced by a single copy of
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| 57 | <em>text</em>. The newline following each line of
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| 58 | <em>text</em> must be escaped by a backslash, except
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| 59 | the last line. The contents of the pattern space are, in effect,
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| 60 | deleted and no subsequent editing commands can be applied to it (or to
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| 61 | <em>text</em>).</p></dd>
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| 62 |
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| 63 |
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| 64 | <dt><b>d</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>d</b></dt>
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| 65 | <dd>Delete line(s) from pattern space. Thus, the line is not passed to standard
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| 66 | output. A new line of input is read and editing resumes with first
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| 67 | command in script.</p></dd>
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| 68 |
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <dt><b>D</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>D</b></dt>
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| 71 | <dd>Delete first part (up to embedded newline) of multiline pattern space created
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| 72 | by <b>N</b> command and resume editing with first command in
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| 73 | script. If this command empties the pattern space, then a new line
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| 74 | of input is read, as if the <b>d</b> command had been executed.</p></dd>
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| 75 |
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| 76 |
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| 77 | <dt><b>g</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>g</b></dt>
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| 78 | <dd>Copy (get) contents of hold space (see <b>h</b> or
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| 79 | <b>H</b> command) into the pattern space, wiping out
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| 80 | previous contents.</p></dd>
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| 81 |
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| 82 |
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| 83 | <dt><b>G</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>G</b></dt>
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| 84 | <dd>Append newline followed by contents of hold space (see
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| 85 | <b>h</b> or <b>H</b> command) to contents of
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| 86 | the pattern space. If hold space is empty, a newline is still
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| 87 | appended to the pattern space.</p></dd>
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| 88 |
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| 89 |
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| 90 | <dt><b>h</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>h</b></dt>
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| 91 | <dd>Copy pattern space into hold space, a special temporary buffer.
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| 92 | Previous contents of hold space are wiped out.</p></dd>
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| 93 |
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| 94 |
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| 95 | <dt><b>H</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>H</b></dt>
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| 96 | <dd>Append newline and contents of pattern space to contents of the hold
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| 97 | space. Even if hold space is empty, this command still appends the
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| 98 | newline first.</p></dd>
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| 99 |
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| 100 |
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| 101 | <dt><b>i</b> [<em>address1</em>]<b>i\</b></dt>
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| 102 | <dd><em>text</em></p>
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| 103 |
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| 104 | <p>Insert <em>text</em> before each line matched by
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| 105 | <em>address</em>. (See <b>a</b> for
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| 106 | details on <em>text</em>.)</p></dd>
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| 107 |
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| 108 |
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| 109 | <dt><b>l</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>l</b></dt>
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| 110 | <dd>List the contents of the pattern space, showing nonprinting characters
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| 111 | as ASCII codes. Long lines are wrapped.</p></dd>
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| 112 |
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| 113 |
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| 114 | <dt><b>n</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>n</b></dt>
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| 115 | <dd>Read next line of input into pattern space. Current line is sent to
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| 116 | standard output. New line becomes current line and increments line
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| 117 | counter. Control passes to command following <b>n</b>
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| 118 | instead of resuming at the top of the script.</p></dd>
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| 119 |
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| 120 |
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| 121 | <dt><b>N</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>N</b></dt>
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| 122 | <dd>Append next input line to contents of pattern space; the new line is
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| 123 | separated from the previous contents of the pattern space by a newline.
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| 124 | (This command is designed to allow pattern matches across two
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| 125 | lines. Using \n to match the embedded newline, you can match
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| 126 | patterns across multiple lines.)</p></dd>
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| 127 |
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| 128 |
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| 129 | <dt><b>p</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>p</b></dt>
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| 130 | <dd>Print the addressed line(s). Note that this can result in duplicate
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| 131 | output unless default output is suppressed by using "#n" or
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| 132 | the <span class="option">-n</span>
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| 133 |
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| 134 | command-line option. Typically used before commands that change flow
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| 135 | control (<b>d</b>, <b>n</b>,
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| 136 | <b>b</b>) and might prevent the current line from being
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| 137 | output.</p></dd>
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| 138 |
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| 139 |
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| 140 | <dt><b>P</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>P</b></dt>
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| 141 | <dd>Print first part (up to embedded newline) of multiline pattern space
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| 142 | created by <b>N</b> command. Same as <b>p</b>
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| 143 | if <b>N</b> has not been applied to a line.</p></dd>
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| 144 |
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| 145 |
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| 146 | <dt><b>q</b> [<em>address</em>]<b>q</b></dt>
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| 147 | <dd>Quit when <em>address</em> is encountered. The
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| 148 | addressed line is first written to output (if default output is not
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| 149 | suppressed), along with any text appended to it by previous
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| 150 | <b>a</b> or <b>r</b> commands.</p></dd>
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| 151 |
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| 152 |
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| 153 | <dt><b>r</b> [<em>address</em>]<b>r</b> <em>file</em></dt>
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| 154 | <dd>Read contents of <em>file</em> and append after the
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| 155 | contents of the pattern space. Exactly one space must be put between
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| 156 | <b>r</b> and the filename.</p></dd>
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| 157 |
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| 158 |
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| 159 | <dt><b>s</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>s</b>/<em>pattern</em>/<em>replacement</em>/[<em>flags</em>]</dt>
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| 160 | <dd>Substitute <em>replacement</em> for
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| 161 | <em>pattern</em> on each addressed line. If pattern
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| 162 | addresses are used, the pattern <b>//</b> represents the
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| 163 | last pattern address specified. The following flags can be specified:</p>
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| 164 |
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| 165 | <dl>
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| 166 |
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| 167 | <dt><b>n</b></dt>
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| 168 | <dd>Replace <em>n</em>th instance of
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| 169 | /<em>pattern</em>/ on each addressed line.
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| 170 | <em>n</em> is any number in the range 1 to 512, and
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| 171 | the default is 1.</p></dd>
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| 172 |
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| 173 | <dt><b>g</b></dt>
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| 174 | <dd>Replace all instances of /<em>pattern</em>/ on each
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| 175 | addressed line, not just the first instance.</p></dd>
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| 176 |
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| 177 | <dt><b>I</b></dt>
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| 178 | <dd>Matching is case-insensitive.<p></p></dd>
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| 179 |
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| 180 | <dt><b>p</b></dt>
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| 181 | <dd>Print the line if a successful substitution is done. If several
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| 182 | successful substitutions are done, multiple copies of the line will be
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| 183 | printed.</p></dd>
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| 184 |
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| 185 | <dt><b>w</b> <em>file</em></dt>
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| 186 | <dd>Write the line to <em>file</em> if a replacement
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| 187 | was done. A maximum of 10 different <em>files</em> can be opened.</p></dd>
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| 188 |
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| 189 | </dl>
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| 190 |
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| 191 | </dd>
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| 192 |
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| 193 |
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| 194 | <dt><b>t</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>t </b>[<em>label</em>]</dt>
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| 195 | <dd>Test if successful substitutions have been made on addressed lines,
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| 196 | and if so, branch to line marked by :<em>label</em>.
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| 197 | (See <b>b</b> and <b>:</b>.) If label is not
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| 198 | specified, control falls through to bottom of script.</p></dd>
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| 199 |
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| 200 |
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| 201 | <dt><b>w</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>w</b> <em>file</em></dt>
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| 202 | <dd>Append contents of pattern space to <em>file</em>.
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| 203 | This action occurs when the command is encountered rather than when
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| 204 | the pattern space is output. Exactly one space must separate the
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| 205 | <b>w</b> and the filename. A maximum of 10 different
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| 206 | files can be opened in a script. This command will create the file if
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| 207 | it does not exist; if the file exists, its contents will be
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| 208 | overwritten each time the script is executed. Multiple write commands
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| 209 | that direct output to the same file append to the end of the file.</p></dd>
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| 210 |
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| 211 |
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| 212 | <dt><b>x</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>x</b></dt>
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| 213 | <dd>Exchange contents of the pattern space with the contents of the hold
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| 214 | space.</p></dd>
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| 215 |
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| 216 |
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| 217 | <dt><b>y</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>y</b>/<em>abc</em>/<em>xyz</em>/</dt>
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| 218 | <dd>Transform each character by position in string
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| 219 | <em>abc</em> to its equivalent in string
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| 220 | <em>xyz</em>.</p></dd>
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| 221 |
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| 222 |
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| 223 | </dl>
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