/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */ /* * mkfs.c - make a linux (minix) file-system. * * (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds. This file may be redistributed as per * the Linux copyright. */ /* * DD.MM.YY * * 24.11.91 - Time began. Used the fsck sources to get started. * * 25.11.91 - Corrected some bugs. Added support for ".badblocks" * The algorithm for ".badblocks" is a bit weird, but * it should work. Oh, well. * * 25.01.92 - Added the -l option for getting the list of bad blocks * out of a named file. (Dave Rivers, rivers@ponds.uucp) * * 28.02.92 - Added %-information when using -c. * * 28.02.93 - Added support for other namelengths than the original * 14 characters so that I can test the new kernel routines.. * * 09.10.93 - Make exit status conform to that required by fsutil * (Rik Faith, faith@cs.unc.edu) * * 31.10.93 - Added inode request feature, for backup floppies: use * 32 inodes, for a news partition use more. * (Scott Heavner, sdh@po.cwru.edu) * * 03.01.94 - Added support for file system valid flag. * (Dr. Wettstein, greg%wind.uucp@plains.nodak.edu) * * 30.10.94 - added support for v2 filesystem * (Andreas Schwab, schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de) * * 09.11.94 - Added test to prevent overwrite of mounted fs adapted * from Theodore Ts'o's (tytso@athena.mit.edu) mke2fs * program. (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com) * * 03.20.95 - Clear first 512 bytes of filesystem to make certain that * the filesystem is not misidentified as a MS-DOS FAT filesystem. * (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com) * * 02.07.96 - Added small patch from Russell King to make the program a * good deal more portable (janl@math.uio.no) * * Usage: mkfs [-c | -l filename ] [-v] [-nXX] [-iXX] device [size-in-blocks] * * -c for readability checking (SLOW!) * -l for getting a list of bad blocks from a file. * -n for namelength (currently the kernel only uses 14 or 30) * -i for number of inodes * -v for v2 filesystem * * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-). * * Modified for BusyBox by Erik Andersen -- * removed getopt based parser and added a hand rolled one. */ #include "libbb.h" #include #include "minix.h" #define DEBUG 0 /* If debugging, store the very same times/uids/gids for image consistency */ #if DEBUG # define CUR_TIME 0 # define GETUID 0 # define GETGID 0 #else # define CUR_TIME time(NULL) # define GETUID getuid() # define GETGID getgid() #endif enum { MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS = 512, TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS = 16, }; #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 enum { version2 = 0 }; #endif struct globals { int dev_fd; #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 smallint version2; #define version2 G.version2 #endif char *device_name; uint32_t total_blocks; int badblocks; int namelen; int dirsize; int magic; char *inode_buffer; char *inode_map; char *zone_map; int used_good_blocks; unsigned long req_nr_inodes; unsigned currently_testing; char root_block[BLOCK_SIZE]; char super_block_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE]; char boot_block_buffer[512]; unsigned short good_blocks_table[MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS]; /* check_blocks(): buffer[] was the biggest static in entire bbox */ char check_blocks_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE * TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS]; }; #define G (*ptr_to_globals) static ALWAYS_INLINE unsigned div_roundup(unsigned size, unsigned n) { return (size + n-1) / n; } #define INODE_BUF1 (((struct minix1_inode*)G.inode_buffer) - 1) #define INODE_BUF2 (((struct minix2_inode*)G.inode_buffer) - 1) #define SB (*(struct minix_super_block*)G.super_block_buffer) #define SB_INODES (SB.s_ninodes) #define SB_IMAPS (SB.s_imap_blocks) #define SB_ZMAPS (SB.s_zmap_blocks) #define SB_FIRSTZONE (SB.s_firstdatazone) #define SB_ZONE_SIZE (SB.s_log_zone_size) #define SB_MAXSIZE (SB.s_max_size) #define SB_MAGIC (SB.s_magic) #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 # define SB_ZONES (SB.s_nzones) # define INODE_BLOCKS div_roundup(SB_INODES, MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK) #else # define SB_ZONES (version2 ? SB.s_zones : SB.s_nzones) # define INODE_BLOCKS div_roundup(SB_INODES, \ version2 ? MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK : MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK) #endif #define INODE_BUFFER_SIZE (INODE_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE) #define NORM_FIRSTZONE (2 + SB_IMAPS + SB_ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS) /* Before you ask "where they come from?": */ /* setbit/clrbit are supplied by sys/param.h */ static int minix_bit(const char* a, unsigned i) { return a[i >> 3] & (1<<(i & 7)); } static void minix_setbit(char *a, unsigned i) { setbit(a, i); } static void minix_clrbit(char *a, unsigned i) { clrbit(a, i); } /* Note: do not assume 0/1, it is 0/nonzero */ #define zone_in_use(x) minix_bit(G.zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1) /*#define inode_in_use(x) minix_bit(G.inode_map,(x))*/ #define mark_inode(x) minix_setbit(G.inode_map,(x)) #define unmark_inode(x) minix_clrbit(G.inode_map,(x)) #define mark_zone(x) minix_setbit(G.zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1) #define unmark_zone(x) minix_clrbit(G.zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1) #ifndef BLKGETSIZE # define BLKGETSIZE _IO(0x12,96) /* return device size */ #endif static long valid_offset(int fd, int offset) { char ch; if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) return 0; if (read(fd, &ch, 1) < 1) return 0; return 1; } static int count_blocks(int fd) { int high, low; low = 0; for (high = 1; valid_offset(fd, high); high *= 2) low = high; while (low < high - 1) { const int mid = (low + high) / 2; if (valid_offset(fd, mid)) low = mid; else high = mid; } valid_offset(fd, 0); return (low + 1); } static int get_size(const char *file) { int fd; long size; fd = xopen(file, O_RDWR); if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &size) >= 0) { close(fd); return (size * 512); } size = count_blocks(fd); close(fd); return size; } static void write_tables(void) { /* Mark the super block valid. */ SB.s_state |= MINIX_VALID_FS; SB.s_state &= ~MINIX_ERROR_FS; msg_eol = "seek to 0 failed"; xlseek(G.dev_fd, 0, SEEK_SET); msg_eol = "cannot clear boot sector"; xwrite(G.dev_fd, G.boot_block_buffer, 512); msg_eol = "seek to BLOCK_SIZE failed"; xlseek(G.dev_fd, BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET); msg_eol = "cannot write superblock"; xwrite(G.dev_fd, G.super_block_buffer, BLOCK_SIZE); msg_eol = "cannot write inode map"; xwrite(G.dev_fd, G.inode_map, SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); msg_eol = "cannot write zone map"; xwrite(G.dev_fd, G.zone_map, SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); msg_eol = "cannot write inodes"; xwrite(G.dev_fd, G.inode_buffer, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE); msg_eol = "\n"; } static void write_block(int blk, char *buffer) { xlseek(G.dev_fd, blk * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET); xwrite(G.dev_fd, buffer, BLOCK_SIZE); } static int get_free_block(void) { int blk; if (G.used_good_blocks + 1 >= MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS) bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks"); if (G.used_good_blocks) blk = G.good_blocks_table[G.used_good_blocks - 1] + 1; else blk = SB_FIRSTZONE; while (blk < SB_ZONES && zone_in_use(blk)) blk++; if (blk >= SB_ZONES) bb_error_msg_and_die("not enough good blocks"); G.good_blocks_table[G.used_good_blocks] = blk; G.used_good_blocks++; return blk; } static void mark_good_blocks(void) { int blk; for (blk = 0; blk < G.used_good_blocks; blk++) mark_zone(G.good_blocks_table[blk]); } static int next(int zone) { if (!zone) zone = SB_FIRSTZONE - 1; while (++zone < SB_ZONES) if (zone_in_use(zone)) return zone; return 0; } static void make_bad_inode(void) { struct minix1_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF1[MINIX_BAD_INO]; int i, j, zone; int ind = 0, dind = 0; unsigned short ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1]; unsigned short dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1]; #define NEXT_BAD (zone = next(zone)) if (!G.badblocks) return; mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO); inode->i_nlinks = 1; /* BTW, setting this makes all images different */ /* it's harder to check for bugs then - diff isn't helpful :(... */ inode->i_time = CUR_TIME; inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000; inode->i_size = G.badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE; zone = next(0); for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) { inode->i_zone[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) { ind_block[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block(); memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) { write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (j = 0; j < 512; j++) { ind_block[j] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } } bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks"); end_bad: if (ind) write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); if (dind) write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block); } #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 static void make_bad_inode2(void) { struct minix2_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF2[MINIX_BAD_INO]; int i, j, zone; int ind = 0, dind = 0; unsigned long ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2]; unsigned long dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2]; if (!G.badblocks) return; mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO); inode->i_nlinks = 1; inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CUR_TIME; inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000; inode->i_size = G.badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE; zone = next(0); for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) { inode->i_zone[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { ind_block[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block(); memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) { ind_block[j] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } } /* Could make triple indirect block here */ bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks"); end_bad: if (ind) write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); if (dind) write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block); } #else void make_bad_inode2(void); #endif static void make_root_inode(void) { struct minix1_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF1[MINIX_ROOT_INO]; mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO); inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block(); inode->i_nlinks = 2; inode->i_time = CUR_TIME; if (G.badblocks) inode->i_size = 3 * G.dirsize; else { G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize] = '\0'; G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize + 1] = '\0'; inode->i_size = 2 * G.dirsize; } inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755; inode->i_uid = GETUID; if (inode->i_uid) inode->i_gid = GETGID; write_block(inode->i_zone[0], G.root_block); } #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 static void make_root_inode2(void) { struct minix2_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF2[MINIX_ROOT_INO]; mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO); inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block(); inode->i_nlinks = 2; inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CUR_TIME; if (G.badblocks) inode->i_size = 3 * G.dirsize; else { G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize] = '\0'; G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize + 1] = '\0'; inode->i_size = 2 * G.dirsize; } inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755; inode->i_uid = GETUID; if (inode->i_uid) inode->i_gid = GETGID; write_block(inode->i_zone[0], G.root_block); } #else void make_root_inode2(void); #endif /* * Perform a test of a block; return the number of * blocks readable. */ static size_t do_check(char *buffer, size_t try, unsigned current_block) { ssize_t got; /* Seek to the correct loc. */ msg_eol = "seek failed during testing of blocks"; xlseek(G.dev_fd, current_block * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET); msg_eol = "\n"; /* Try the read */ got = read(G.dev_fd, buffer, try * BLOCK_SIZE); if (got < 0) got = 0; try = ((size_t)got) / BLOCK_SIZE; if (got & (BLOCK_SIZE - 1)) fprintf(stderr, "Short read at block %u\n", (unsigned)(current_block + try)); return try; } static void alarm_intr(int alnum) { if (G.currently_testing >= SB_ZONES) return; signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr); alarm(5); if (!G.currently_testing) return; printf("%d ...", G.currently_testing); fflush(stdout); } static void check_blocks(void) { size_t try, got; G.currently_testing = 0; signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr); alarm(5); while (G.currently_testing < SB_ZONES) { msg_eol = "seek failed in check_blocks"; xlseek(G.dev_fd, G.currently_testing * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET); msg_eol = "\n"; try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS; if (G.currently_testing + try > SB_ZONES) try = SB_ZONES - G.currently_testing; got = do_check(G.check_blocks_buffer, try, G.currently_testing); G.currently_testing += got; if (got == try) continue; if (G.currently_testing < SB_FIRSTZONE) bb_error_msg_and_die("bad blocks before data-area: cannot make fs"); mark_zone(G.currently_testing); G.badblocks++; G.currently_testing++; } alarm(0); printf("%d bad block(s)\n", G.badblocks); } static void get_list_blocks(char *filename) { FILE *listfile; unsigned long blockno; listfile = xfopen(filename, "r"); while (!feof(listfile)) { fscanf(listfile, "%ld\n", &blockno); mark_zone(blockno); G.badblocks++; } printf("%d bad block(s)\n", G.badblocks); } static void setup_tables(void) { unsigned long inodes; unsigned norm_firstzone; unsigned sb_zmaps; unsigned i; /* memset(G.super_block_buffer, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); */ /* memset(G.boot_block_buffer, 0, 512); */ SB_MAGIC = G.magic; SB_ZONE_SIZE = 0; SB_MAXSIZE = version2 ? 0x7fffffff : (7 + 512 + 512 * 512) * 1024; if (version2) SB.s_zones = G.total_blocks; else SB.s_nzones = G.total_blocks; /* some magic nrs: 1 inode / 3 blocks */ if (G.req_nr_inodes == 0) inodes = G.total_blocks / 3; else inodes = G.req_nr_inodes; /* Round up inode count to fill block size */ if (version2) inodes = (inodes + MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) & ~(MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1); else inodes = (inodes + MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) & ~(MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1); if (inodes > 65535) inodes = 65535; SB_INODES = inodes; SB_IMAPS = div_roundup(SB_INODES + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK); /* Real bad hack but overwise mkfs.minix can be thrown * in infinite loop... * try: * dd if=/dev/zero of=test.fs count=10 bs=1024 * mkfs.minix -i 200 test.fs */ /* This code is not insane: NORM_FIRSTZONE is not a constant, * it is calculated from SB_INODES, SB_IMAPS and SB_ZMAPS */ i = 999; SB_ZMAPS = 0; do { norm_firstzone = NORM_FIRSTZONE; sb_zmaps = div_roundup(G.total_blocks - norm_firstzone + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK); if (SB_ZMAPS == sb_zmaps) goto got_it; SB_ZMAPS = sb_zmaps; /* new SB_ZMAPS, need to recalc NORM_FIRSTZONE */ } while (--i); bb_error_msg_and_die("incompatible size/inode count, try different -i N"); got_it: SB_FIRSTZONE = norm_firstzone; G.inode_map = xmalloc(SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); G.zone_map = xmalloc(SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); memset(G.inode_map, 0xff, SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); memset(G.zone_map, 0xff, SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = SB_FIRSTZONE; i < SB_ZONES; i++) unmark_zone(i); for (i = MINIX_ROOT_INO; i <= SB_INODES; i++) unmark_inode(i); G.inode_buffer = xzalloc(INODE_BUFFER_SIZE); printf("%ld inodes\n", (long)SB_INODES); printf("%ld blocks\n", (long)SB_ZONES); printf("Firstdatazone=%ld (%ld)\n", (long)SB_FIRSTZONE, (long)norm_firstzone); printf("Zonesize=%d\n", BLOCK_SIZE << SB_ZONE_SIZE); printf("Maxsize=%ld\n", (long)SB_MAXSIZE); } int mkfs_minix_main(int argc, char **argv); int mkfs_minix_main(int argc, char **argv) { struct mntent *mp; unsigned opt; char *tmp; struct stat statbuf; char *str_i, *str_n; char *listfile = NULL; PTR_TO_GLOBALS = xzalloc(sizeof(G)); /* default (changed to 30, per Linus's suggestion, Sun Nov 21 08:05:07 1993) */ G.namelen = 30; G.dirsize = 32; G.magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC2; if (INODE_SIZE1 * MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE) bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size"); #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 if (INODE_SIZE2 * MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE) bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size"); #endif opt = getopt32(argv, "ci:l:n:v", &str_i, &listfile, &str_n); argv += optind; //if (opt & 1) -c if (opt & 2) G.req_nr_inodes = xatoul(str_i); // -i //if (opt & 4) -l if (opt & 8) { // -n G.namelen = xatoi_u(str_n); if (G.namelen == 14) G.magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC; else if (G.namelen == 30) G.magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC2; else bb_show_usage(); G.dirsize = G.namelen + 2; } if (opt & 0x10) { // -v #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 version2 = 1; #else bb_error_msg_and_die("not compiled with minix v2 support"); #endif } G.device_name = *argv++; if (!G.device_name) bb_show_usage(); if (*argv) G.total_blocks = xatou32(*argv); else G.total_blocks = get_size(G.device_name) / 1024; if (G.total_blocks < 10) bb_error_msg_and_die("must have at least 10 blocks"); if (version2) { G.magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2; if (G.namelen == 14) G.magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC; } else if (G.total_blocks > 65535) G.total_blocks = 65535; /* Check if it is mounted */ mp = find_mount_point(G.device_name, NULL); if (mp && strcmp(G.device_name, mp->mnt_fsname) == 0) bb_error_msg_and_die("%s is mounted on %s; " "refusing to make a filesystem", G.device_name, mp->mnt_dir); G.dev_fd = xopen(G.device_name, O_RDWR); if (fstat(G.dev_fd, &statbuf) < 0) bb_error_msg_and_die("cannot stat %s", G.device_name); if (!S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode)) opt &= ~1; // clear -c (check) /* I don't know why someone has special code to prevent mkfs.minix * on IDE devices. Why IDE but not SCSI, etc?... */ #if 0 else if (statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0300 || statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0340) /* what is this? */ bb_error_msg_and_die("will not try " "to make filesystem on '%s'", G.device_name); #endif tmp = G.root_block; *(short *) tmp = 1; strcpy(tmp + 2, "."); tmp += G.dirsize; *(short *) tmp = 1; strcpy(tmp + 2, ".."); tmp += G.dirsize; *(short *) tmp = 2; strcpy(tmp + 2, ".badblocks"); setup_tables(); if (opt & 1) // -c ? check_blocks(); else if (listfile) get_list_blocks(listfile); if (version2) { make_root_inode2(); make_bad_inode2(); } else { make_root_inode(); make_bad_inode(); } mark_good_blocks(); write_tables(); return 0; }