| 1 | This is what POSIX 2003 says about ps:
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| 2 |
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| 3 | By default, ps shall select all processes with the same effective user
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| 4 | ID as the current user and the same controlling terminal as the invoker
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| 5 |
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| 6 | ps [-aA][-defl][-G grouplist][-o format]...[-p proclist][-t termlist]
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| 7 | [-U userlist][-g grouplist][-n namelist][-u userlist]
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| 8 |
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| 9 | -a Write information for all processes associated with terminals.
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| 10 | Implementations may omit session leaders from this list.
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| 11 |
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| 12 | -A Write information for all processes.
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| 13 |
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| 14 | -d Write information for all processes, except session leaders.
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| 15 |
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| 16 | -e Write information for all processes. (Equivalent to -A.)
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| 17 |
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| 18 | -f Generate a full listing. (See the STDOUT section for the con-
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| 19 | tents of a full listing.)
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| 20 |
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| 21 | -g grouplist
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| 22 | Write information for processes whose session leaders are given
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| 23 | in grouplist. The application shall ensure that the grouplist is
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| 24 | a single argument in the form of a <blank> or comma-separated
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| 25 | list.
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| 26 |
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| 27 | -G grouplist
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| 28 | Write information for processes whose real group ID numbers are
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| 29 | given in grouplist. The application shall ensure that the grou-
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| 30 | plist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or comma-
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| 31 | separated list.
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| 32 |
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| 33 | -l Generate a long listing. (See STDOUT for the contents of a long
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| 34 | listing.)
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| 35 |
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| 36 | -n namelist
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| 37 | Specify the name of an alternative system namelist file in place
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| 38 | of the default. The name of the default file and the format of a
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| 39 | namelist file are unspecified.
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| 40 |
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| 41 | -o format
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| 42 | Write information according to the format specification given in
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| 43 | format. Multiple -o options can be specified; the format speci-
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| 44 | fication shall be interpreted as the <space>-separated concate-
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| 45 | nation of all the format option-arguments.
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| 46 |
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| 47 | -p proclist
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| 48 | Write information for processes whose process ID numbers are
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| 49 | given in proclist. The application shall ensure that the pro-
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| 50 | clist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or comma-
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| 51 | separated list.
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| 52 |
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| 53 | -t termlist
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| 54 | Write information for processes associated with terminals given
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| 55 | in termlist. The application shall ensure that the termlist is a
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| 56 | single argument in the form of a <blank> or comma-separated
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| 57 | list. Terminal identifiers shall be given in an implementation-
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| 58 | defined format. On XSI-conformant systems, they shall be
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| 59 | given in one of two forms: the device's filename (for example,
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| 60 | tty04) or, if the device's filename starts with tty, just the
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| 61 | identifier following the characters tty (for example, "04" ).
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| 62 |
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| 63 | -u userlist
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| 64 | Write information for processes whose user ID numbers or login
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| 65 | names are given in userlist. The application shall ensure that
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| 66 | the userlist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or
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| 67 | comma-separated list. In the listing, the numerical user ID
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| 68 | shall be written unless the -f option is used, in which case the
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| 69 | login name shall be written.
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| 70 |
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| 71 | -U userlist
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| 72 | Write information for processes whose real user ID numbers or
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| 73 | login names are given in userlist. The application shall ensure
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| 74 | that the userlist is a single argument in the form of a <blank>
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| 75 | or comma-separated list.
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| 76 |
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| 77 | With the exception of -o format, all of the options shown are used to
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| 78 | select processes. If any are specified, the default list shall be
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| 79 | ignored and ps shall select the processes represented by the inclusive
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| 80 | OR of all the selection-criteria options.
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| 81 |
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| 82 | The -o option allows the output format to be specified under user con-
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| 83 | trol.
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| 84 |
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| 85 | The application shall ensure that the format specification is a list of
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| 86 | names presented as a single argument, <blank> or comma-separated. Each
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| 87 | variable has a default header. The default header can be overridden by
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| 88 | appending an equals sign and the new text of the header. The rest of
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| 89 | the characters in the argument shall be used as the header text. The
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| 90 | fields specified shall be written in the order specified on the command
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| 91 | line, and should be arranged in columns in the output. The field widths
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| 92 | shall be selected by the system to be at least as wide as the header
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| 93 | text (default or overridden value). If the header text is null, such as
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| 94 | -o user=, the field width shall be at least as wide as the default
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| 95 | header text. If all header text fields are null, no header line shall
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| 96 | be written.
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| 97 |
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| 98 | ruser The real user ID of the process. This shall be the textual user
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| 99 | ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a dec-
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| 100 | imal representation otherwise.
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| 101 |
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| 102 | user The effective user ID of the process. This shall be the textual
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| 103 | user ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a
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| 104 | decimal representation otherwise.
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| 105 |
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| 106 | rgroup The real group ID of the process. This shall be the textual
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| 107 | group ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or
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| 108 | a decimal representation otherwise.
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| 109 |
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| 110 | group The effective group ID of the process. This shall be the textual
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| 111 | group ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or
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| 112 | a decimal representation otherwise.
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| 113 |
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| 114 | pid The decimal value of the process ID.
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| 115 |
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| 116 | ppid The decimal value of the parent process ID.
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| 117 |
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| 118 | pgid The decimal value of the process group ID.
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| 119 |
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| 120 | pcpu The ratio of CPU time used recently to CPU time available in the
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| 121 | same period, expressed as a percentage. The meaning of
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| 122 | "recently" in this context is unspecified. The CPU time avail-
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| 123 | able is determined in an unspecified manner.
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| 124 |
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| 125 | vsz The size of the process in (virtual) memory in 1024 byte units
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| 126 | as a decimal integer.
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| 127 |
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| 128 | nice The decimal value of the nice value of the process; see nice() .
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| 129 |
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| 130 | etime In the POSIX locale, the elapsed time since the process was
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| 131 | started, in the form: [[dd-]hh:]mm:ss
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| 132 |
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| 133 | time In the POSIX locale, the cumulative CPU time of the process in
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| 134 | the form: [dd-]hh:mm:ss
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| 135 |
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| 136 | tty The name of the controlling terminal of the process (if any) in
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| 137 | the same format used by the who utility.
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| 138 |
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| 139 | comm The name of the command being executed ( argv[0] value) as a
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| 140 | string.
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| 141 |
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| 142 | args The command with all its arguments as a string. The implementa-
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| 143 | tion may truncate this value to the field width; it is implemen-
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| 144 | tation-defined whether any further truncation occurs. It is
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| 145 | unspecified whether the string represented is a version of the
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| 146 | argument list as it was passed to the command when it started,
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| 147 | or is a version of the arguments as they may have been modified
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| 148 | by the application. Applications cannot depend on being able to
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| 149 | modify their argument list and having that modification be
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| 150 | reflected in the output of ps.
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| 151 |
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| 152 | Any field need not be meaningful in all implementations. In such a case
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| 153 | a hyphen ( '-' ) should be output in place of the field value.
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| 154 |
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| 155 | Only comm and args shall be allowed to contain <blank>s; all others
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| 156 | shall not.
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| 157 |
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| 158 | The following table specifies the default header to be used in the
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| 159 | POSIX locale corresponding to each format specifier.
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| 160 |
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| 161 | Format Specifier Default Header Format Specifier Default Header
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| 162 | args COMMAND ppid PPID
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| 163 | comm COMMAND rgroup RGROUP
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| 164 | etime ELAPSED ruser RUSER
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| 165 | group GROUP time TIME
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| 166 | nice NI tty TT
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| 167 | pcpu %CPU user USER
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| 168 | pgid PGID vsz VSZ
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| 169 | pid PID
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| 170 |
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| 171 | There is no special quoting mechanism for header text. The header text
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| 172 | is the rest of the argument. If multiple header changes are needed,
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| 173 | multiple -o options can be used, such as:
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| 174 |
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| 175 | ps -o "user=User Name" -o pid=Process\ ID
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